Quick answer. The most useful decision here is to buy the means to characterise the bed and the fluid, not just the rigs. In the packed bed experiments, pressure drop depends very strongly on bed voidage, and repacking the same particles differently changes the answer; across the range, viscosity changes markedly with temperature and every correlation is a function of Reynolds number. So for each of the five units, ask what particles are supplied and with what size grading, whether the packing procedure is documented, whether bed height and voidage can be measured directly, and whether fluid temperature is instrumented.
Five units: a drag coefficient apparatus, flow through a helical coil, hydrodynamics of a packed bed, pressure and flow in a packed bed, and pressure drop in two-phase flow. This is the chemical engineer's fluid mechanics rather than the mechanical engineer's - not pumps and turbines, but drag on a particle, pressure drop through a bed of solids, and what happens when gas and liquid flow in the same pipe. These are the calculations that size a packed column, a catalytic reactor, a dryer and the pipework between them.
A code warning before you order. This listing uses the prefix MTLE, and so does the mass transfer lab equipment listing - both category names end in "Transfer Lab Equipment" and both were given the same initials. So MTLE-0001 is a drag coefficient apparatus here and a fluidised bed dryer there. One record in this listing also carries an unpadded code, written with a single digit where every other code has four, which means a code search may not find it. Quote the code and the full product name together and have both confirmed on the proforma invoice. We are having both faults corrected.
Three of these five experiments involve flow through a bed of solid particles, and the other two depend on fluid properties. In both cases the measurement is easy and the interpretation is impossible unless two things are characterised first. This is the single most useful thing to teach alongside this equipment.
| Characterise | What must be known | Why the result is otherwise uninterpretable |
|---|---|---|
| The bed | Particle size and its distribution, particle shape, bed voidage, bed height and diameter | Pressure drop through a packed bed depends on voidage very strongly. Repacking the same particles differently changes the answer, so the packing procedure has to be specified and followed identically or results cannot be compared between groups |
| The fluid | Density and viscosity at the working temperature | Viscosity changes markedly with temperature, and every correlation in this subject is a function of Reynolds number. A result recorded without the fluid temperature cannot be placed on a chart |
So ask us, for each rig: what particles are supplied and with what size grading; how the bed is packed and whether the procedure is documented; whether bed height and voidage can be measured directly; and whether fluid temperature is instrumented. Sieves and shakers for grading the particles are in the flow measurement and civil ranges, and we can quote a set with the rigs.
The method is a falling sphere in a column of liquid: time the fall over a measured distance, get the terminal velocity, and from it the drag coefficient against Reynolds number. It is one of the most satisfying experiments in chemical engineering because the student plots a point on the standard drag curve and sees where it lands.
Two things decide whether the point lands in the right place. Wall effect: a sphere falling in a narrow tube is slowed by the proximity of the wall, so the ratio of tube diameter to sphere diameter is part of the method and a correction applies when the ratio is small. Ask the column diameter and what sphere sizes are supplied, and teach the correction rather than ignoring it. Temperature: the liquid viscosity is the whole experiment, so the column temperature must be measured, and a column standing in sunlight or near a radiator will drift through a session. Ask whether a thermometer is fitted and whether spheres of several materials and diameters are included - the experiment is far better with a set than with one.
Flow through a curved pipe is not the same as flow through a straight one: the curvature sets up a secondary circulation across the cross-section, which raises both the pressure drop and the heat transfer for the same length and flow. That is why helical coils are used in heat exchangers and why their pressure drop cannot be taken from a straight-pipe chart.
The experiment only teaches that if the comparison can be made, so ask whether a straight pipe reference section of the same diameter and developed length is included or can be run alongside. Ask also the coil diameter and pitch, since the curvature ratio is the parameter being studied, and the number of pressure tappings. Without the straight-pipe comparison the rig produces a number with nothing to compare it against, which is a waste of a good experiment.
Two of these units concern pressure drop where two phases flow together, and this is the most industrially relevant subject in the listing - it is what makes a boiler riser, a condenser return line or a wet gas pipeline difficult to design. It is also the experiment most likely to disappoint if the rig is specified carelessly, for one reason.
Two-phase pressure drop depends on the flow regime - bubble, slug, churn, annular - and the correlations are regime-specific. A student who measures a pressure drop without knowing which regime produced it has a number and no theory to attach it to. So the question to ask is simple and decisive: can the flow regime be seen? A transparent test section, good lighting and a flow map in the manual turn this from a reading exercise into the lesson it should be. Ask also how gas and liquid flows are set and measured independently, since the regime is determined by the pair of flow rates, and what range of each the rig covers.
And one practical point: a two-phase rig needs a clean, dry, regulated air or gas supply as well as a liquid circuit. Ask for the air flow and pressure requirement, and remember that an oily compressed air supply will contaminate the liquid and change its surface tension, which changes the regime boundaries.
Momentum transfer, mass transfer and heat transfer are the three transport subjects, and a chemical engineering department normally equips all three. The companion listings here are mass transfer lab equipment for dryers, extraction and absorption, the heat transfer lab range for conduction, convection, radiation and exchangers, and chemical reaction engineering for reactors and residence time distribution. For the fundamentals - Bernoulli, Reynolds, orifices, notches and manometry - see hydraulics and fluid mechanics trainers. Unit operations equipment is in the mechanical operation lab listing.
Services for these five: a water supply and drain, a clean regulated air supply for the two-phase work, bench or floor space with room to read a vertical column, a floor that tolerates spillage, and sockets out of the splash zone with earth-leakage protection. Ask for each rig's water consumption per run, because a recirculating rig and a once-through rig make very different demands on a laboratory.
For each rig: the experiment and the quantities measured, with ranges and resolutions; particles supplied, with size grading, shape and quantity, and the packing procedure; whether bed height and voidage are measurable; fluid temperature measurement; for the drag apparatus, column diameter, sphere materials and sizes, and the fall distance; for the coil, coil diameter and pitch, developed length, tapping positions and whether a straight-pipe reference is included; for the two-phase rigs, transparent test section, independent gas and liquid flow setting and measurement, the flow range of each and a flow regime map in the manual; manometer or transducer type and range; air supply flow, pressure and quality; water consumption per run; the worksheets supplied; mass, footprint and services; nominal voltage, frequency and plug pattern; consumables and spares with prices; and the warranty, commissioning and local service position. For any certification stated here, contact us for the latest copies of the relevant certificates before you tender on it.
The full set is listed under mechanical lab equipments. For a quotation, tell us the destination country, your syllabus experiment list, the class size in one practical session and the length of your practical slot.
Because two listings share a prefix. Both this category and the mass transfer lab equipment listing end in Transfer Lab Equipment and were given the same initials, so MTLE-0001 is a drag coefficient apparatus here and a fluidised bed dryer there. One record in this listing also carries an unpadded code, written with a single digit where every other code has four, so a code search may not find it. Quote the code and the full product name together and have both confirmed on the proforma invoice before anything ships.
Usually because the beds differ. Pressure drop through a packed bed depends very strongly on voidage, and repacking the same particles differently changes the answer, so the packing procedure has to be specified and followed identically or results cannot be compared between groups. Particle size and its distribution, particle shape, bed height and bed diameter all need to be known. Ask what particles are supplied and how they are graded, whether the packing procedure is documented, and whether bed height and voidage can be measured directly. Sieves and shakers for grading can be quoted with the rigs.
The method is a falling sphere: time the fall over a measured distance, find the terminal velocity, then plot the drag coefficient against Reynolds number on the standard drag curve. Two things decide whether the point lands correctly. Wall effect: a sphere in a narrow tube is slowed by the wall, so the ratio of tube to sphere diameter is part of the method and a correction applies when it is small. Temperature: viscosity is the whole experiment, so ask whether a thermometer is fitted, the column diameter, and which sphere materials and sizes come with it.
Yes, or it produces a number with nothing to compare it against. Curvature sets up a secondary circulation across the pipe cross-section, which raises both the pressure drop and the heat transfer for the same length and flow, and that is why a coil's pressure drop cannot be taken from a straight-pipe chart. Ask whether a straight reference section of the same diameter and developed length is included or can be run alongside. Ask also the coil diameter and pitch, since the curvature ratio is the parameter being studied, and the number of pressure tappings.
Whether the flow regime can be seen. Two-phase pressure drop depends on the regime - bubble, slug, churn or annular - and the correlations are regime-specific, so a pressure drop recorded without knowing the regime has no theory to attach to it. Ask for a transparent test section, good lighting and a flow regime map in the manual. Ask how gas and liquid flows are set and measured independently, and the range of each. The rig needs a clean, dry, regulated air supply, because oily air contaminates the liquid and shifts the regime boundaries.
A water supply and drain, a clean regulated air supply for the two-phase work, bench or floor space with room to read a vertical column, a floor that tolerates spillage, and sockets kept out of the splash zone with earth-leakage protection. Ask for each rig's water consumption per run, because a recirculating rig and a once-through rig make very different demands on a laboratory. When you request a quotation, give the destination country, your syllabus experiment list, the class size in one practical session and the length of your practical slot.
Ray Export is a manufacturer and exporter of laboratory, scientific and educational equipment based at Plot No. 449, HSIIDC Industrial Area, Saha, Ambala, Haryana 133104, India. Enquiries: [email protected], +91-9817319615.
Written by Palak Mall, Senior Content Writer. Technically reviewed by Arvind Kumar, Lab Equipment Specialist, 12+ years in laboratory and testing instrumentation. Last updated: 17 October 2026.
Specifications, ranges, resolutions and water consumption per run are confirmed in writing on the quotation; for certificates, contact us for the latest copies of the relevant certificates. No price is quoted on this page. Listing notes: the MTLE code prefix is shared with the mass transfer lab equipment listing, so MTLE-0001 identifies a drag coefficient apparatus here and a fluidised bed dryer there; and one record in this listing carries an unpadded single-digit code that a code search may not find.
Keeping in mind the end goal to meet the shifted requests of the customers, we have thought of Drag Co-Efficient Apparatus. These are intended to decide the connection between the drag coefficient of falling particles and their Reynolds number esteem. To direct nitty gritty investigations the item is given a few vertical glass tube with two stamps on the dividers that enables single particles to tumble from them and empowers simple perception. Promote the item is given an esteem framework at the base for simple evacuation of the particles with least loss of fluid. Extent Of Experimentations: To contemplate the movement of a strong molecule through a fluid To plot the diagram between drag coefficient Vs. changed Reynolds number To quantify the drag Coefficient Utilities Required: Liquids of various consistency Electricity supply 100 watts, 220 V, 1 stage Floor Area 0.75 m x 1.5 m Technical Details: Provided with steel and glass wads of various sizes The entire set-up is all around composed and orchestrated in a decent quality painted structure having the tube light course of action Stop Watch Electronic Material Borosilicate Glass tube Gate Valves 6 Nos. (2 Nos. on each Tube) Tubes (3 Nos.). Energy exchange lab manufacturers,exporters and Momentum exchange lab providers
We are instrumental in offering better quality Flow Through Helical Coil than the regarded clients. These items are outlined and fabricated by a group of profoundly gifted and capable experts, at our modern generation unit. What's more, we ensure that the requested items are checked and after that auspicious conveyed at the lcients' premises. Extent Of Experimentations: To think about the movement of a strong molecule through a fluid To plot the diagram between drag coefficient Vs. changed Reynolds number To quantify the drag Coefficient.
Hydrodynamics of Packed Bed the set up is proficient to consider the stacking and flooding attributes. It is a stuffed section pressed with Raschig Rings where the Air is counter at present sustained to segment. Fluid burglary in the section expands the heaviness of segment and furthermore lessens the successful porosity of pressing. This lessening in porosity diminishes the gas speed, expands the weight drop and changes the estimation of mass exchange co-proficient. The water is sustained from the highest point of the section and stacking ; flooding trademark are seen on different stream rates of Air and Water. Extent Of Experimentations: To ponder the stacking and flooding qualities in a stuffed segment Utilities Required: Compressed Air Supply at 2 Bar, 2.5 CFM Water Supply and Drain Electricity 500 watts, 220 V, 1 Phase Floor Area 0.75 m x 0.75 m. Energy exchange lab manufacturers,exporters and Momentum exchange lab providers
We are a main maker and provider of Pressure Flow Packed Bed. The set-up examines in stuffed bed qualities and connection between the speed of the liquid and weight drop per unit length. The device is close circuit write gave tank, Pump, important channeling and valves and Rotameter to gauge the stream rate of liquid. The set-up is fitted on a MS outline and painted with great quality paint. Extent Of Experimentations: To examine stuffed bed attributes To think about connection between speed of liquid and weight drop per unit length Utilities Required: Electricity 500 watts, 220 V, 1 Phase Floor Area 0.75 m x 0.75 m Technical Details: Packed Column : Material Borosilicate Glass with both end made of Stainless Steel Packing : Material Borosilicate Glass Raschig rings, Size 8-10 mm approx Water tank : Material Stainless Steel, Capacity 30 Liters Water Circulation : FHP Pump Crompton/Sharp make Flow Measurement : Rotameter for water Drop Measurement : Manometer The entire set-up is all around outlined and orchestrated in a decent quality painted structure. Energy exchange lab manufacturers,exporters and Momentum exchange lab providers
We have in store for our customers superbly outlined Pressure Drop in Two Phase. The item is given a borosilicate glass test segment to picture the distinctive examples. For water supply to the pipeline, the item is furnished with an outward pump with stream control valve, by-pass valve and an outlet to isolate air from water. Further, the item is given two rota-meter to quantify stream rates of air and water independently. Extent Of Experimentations: To envision the stream example To decide the weight drop in two stage stream Utilities Required: Water supply Drain Floor Area: 1.5 x 0.75 m Electricity 1.5 kW, 220 V, single stage Compressed air supply at 2 bar, 2.5 CFM Technical Details: Separator Material stainless steel, perfect limit Piping Material stainless steel/PVC, limit 60 liters Pr. drop estimation Differential manometer GI and PVC Control board containing standard do on off switch, mains pointer combine The entire set-up is all around outlined and orchestrated in a decent quality painted structure Material borosilicate glass Water dissemination FHP pump, crompton/sharp make Flow estimation Rotameters. 2 Nos. (one each for water ; air) Air flow By packed air Buffer tank Material stainless steel, appropriate limit with security valve and weight check Water tank Test segment. Energy exchange lab manufacturers,exporters and Momentum exchange lab providers
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