Quick answer. Fourteen of the thirty-seven items in ECL-0001 to ECL-0037 are meters, and none of them states its range - the one figure a meter is bought on. So the decision on this page is to order meters by range rather than by name: for every meter code, get the full-scale ranges, the accuracy class and what it is a percentage of, the internal resistance on each range, the terminal type and the overload protection in writing. Then choose moving coil or moving iron by experiment, because they are not interchangeable. Note too that, despite the category name, no cells or batteries are listed here.
Thirty-seven items are listed here, ECL-0001 to ECL-0037. Fourteen of them are meters, and the rest is the fabric of an electricity bench: dynamo and motor demonstrations, bulbs and lampholders, switches, leads and clips, a ballistic galvanometer, an inductance box and a Morse key. No meter in this listing states its range, which is the one specification a meter is bought on, so the first section below is the list of figures to ask for. Note also that despite the category name there are no cells, batteries or accumulators in this listing; for those and for the larger range of circuit components, see Electricity.
Ask for all of these, for each meter you are quoting, and get them in writing:
The listing offers both and the difference decides which experiments each can do.
Moving coil (ECL-0028 to ECL-0033) is accurate, has an evenly divided scale that is easy to read across its whole length, and is direct current only. It is also polarity sensitive: connected the wrong way round the needle slams against the stop, which bends pointers and is the usual way a class destroys a meter in week one. Connected to alternating current it reads nothing useful and the needle may simply vibrate, which students regularly misread as a broken meter. The centre-zero milliammeter (ECL-0032) is the one to specify for induction and charging experiments where the current reverses.
Moving iron (ECL-0034, ECL-0035) reads both alternating and direct current, is not polarity sensitive and is mechanically robust, which makes it the better choice for rough class work and for anything on alternating current. Its scale is cramped and non-linear at the low end, so readings in the bottom fifth of the scale are poor, and on alternating current it indicates a root-mean-square value. Ask the frequency range over which the calibration holds.
For the digital panel meter (ECL-0024), ask the number of digits, the ranges, the input impedance and whether it needs its own supply, since a digital meter that needs a separate supply adds a lead to every circuit a student builds.
For the moving-coil galvanometer (ECL-0029) ask the current sensitivity, the figure of merit and the critical damping resistance, since all three are used in the standard experiments. For the ballistic galvanometer (ECL-0013), which measures charge rather than current, ask whether it is a suspended-coil instrument or a pivoted one, how it is levelled and clamped for transport, whether a lamp-and-scale or a mirror and telescope arrangement is included, and what the period and the damping resistance are. A suspended instrument needs a solid bench free of vibration and is damaged by being moved while unclamped, so ask how it should be stored.
For the inductance box (ECL-0015) ask the range and step, the resistance of each winding, which matters because an inductor in a circuit brings its own resistance, and the current rating. For the double C-core and clip (ECL-0007), ask the core dimensions and whether coils to fit are available, and note that the transformer and coil experiments those parts serve sit under Magnetism Physics Equipments.
The knife switches (ECL-0019, ECL-0020), insulated socket terminals, crocodile clips and the Morse key in this listing all have exposed conductors by design, which is exactly what makes them good for teaching, because a student can see the circuit. It also means none of them is used on mains voltage, ever. Specify them for low-voltage work only, and if your bench has a mains-derived supply, make sure the output going to this apparatus is low voltage and current limited.
The auto transformer (ECL-0012) is the exception to watch. An autotransformer shares one winding between input and output, so its output is not isolated from the supply: turning the dial down reduces the voltage between the output terminals but does not make either terminal safe with respect to earth. It is not a substitute for an isolating transformer, and it should not be used to feed open-terminal apparatus like the knife switches above.
For the leads (ECL-0023), ask the plug type and whether they are stackable, the lengths and colours available, the current rating and the price in quantity, since leads are the consumable of an electricity laboratory. For the bulbs (ECL-0009 to ECL-0011) and lampholders (ECL-0021, ECL-0022), ask the voltage and current rating of each bulb, the lampholder fitting it matches, and the price of spares in boxes of a hundred, because they are consumed steadily and a practical stops when the box is empty.
Three dynamo codes (ECL-0001 to ECL-0003) overlap: one is unqualified, one is an alternating-current model and one is described as both alternating and direct current, which is the useful one because switching between slip rings and a commutator on the same machine is the whole lesson. Ask which arrangement each has and whether the commutator and slip rings are both fitted and visible. Ask the same of the demonstration motor (ECL-0005) and the electric bell (ECL-0004): whether the mechanism is open so the action can be followed, whether it runs from a low-voltage supply, and what the current draw is. ECL-0008, which pairs a motor with a colour-mixing disc, is really an optics demonstration driven by a motor, and the disc itself appears again under Optics Physics Lab.
Quote the code rather than the name. One entry in this listing is almost certainly wrong rather than merely untidy: ECL-0027 is named as a dual-sensitivity micrometer, sitting between a voltmeter and a moving-coil ammeter, where a dual-sensitivity microammeter is plainly meant; a micrometer is a length-measuring instrument. Ask the supplier which it is before ordering. Four names are in capitals with a boilerplate suffix, three of those are plural where a single product is listed, one is truncated mid-word, an apostrophe is missing from Newton's, and "interscale" (ECL-0017) is not a standard term, so ask what it is. Ask also for the quantity per student group, consumables with quantity prices, the supply voltage, frequency and plug type for your country, and the warranty, including whether it covers a meter damaged by reverse connection. Any figure quoted is confirmed in writing on the quotation; ask for its basis.
Cells, accumulators, resistance boxes, rheostats, metre bridges and the wider circuit range are under Electricity. Magnets, coils, transformers and motor kits are under Magnetism Physics Equipments, and charge, electroscopes and the Van de Graaff generator under Electrostatic Physics Labware. Photocells and the colour-mixing disc sit with Optics Physics Lab. Parent range: Physics Lab Equipments.
Ask for meters by range, not by name. For example moving-coil milliammeters (ECL-0031) in the ranges your practicals use, with the internal resistance on each range and the accuracy class stated, sixteen off; one centre-zero milliammeter (ECL-0032) per group for induction work; moving-iron voltmeters (ECL-0035) for the alternating-current experiments; plus leads, crocodile clips and a hundred spare bulbs with quantity prices. Contact Ray Export for ranges, prices and lead times.
Six figures, for each meter code, in writing. The full-scale deflection ranges and how they are selected, since that decides whether the meter fits your experiment at all. The accuracy class and what it is a percentage of - a scale division is not an accuracy. The internal resistance on each range. Scale length, whether the scale is mirrored to remove parallax, and whether the zero adjustment is reachable from the front. Terminal type, four-millimetre sockets or screw terminals, matched to the leads (ECL-0023). And overload protection, because the first thing a class does is connect an ammeter across a supply.
Choose by experiment. Moving coil meters (ECL-0028 to ECL-0033) are accurate with an evenly divided scale, but they read direct current only and are polarity sensitive: connected the wrong way round the needle slams against the stop, and on alternating current the needle may simply vibrate. The centre-zero milliammeter (ECL-0032) is the one for induction and charging experiments where current reverses. Moving iron meters (ECL-0034, ECL-0035) read both alternating and direct current, are not polarity sensitive and are robust, but the bottom fifth of the scale reads poorly; ask the frequency range of the calibration.
Most often because of internal resistance, the figure most commonly missing from a meter specification. A voltmeter of low resistance draws current from the circuit it measures and reads low; an ammeter or milliammeter of high resistance drops voltage and alters the current it reports. Ask the resistance of each meter on each range and use it to show students why the two cannot both be ideal. Accuracy class matters as well: on an analogue meter it is normally a percentage of full scale, so a reading at a quarter of scale carries four times the relative error.
No. The knife switches (ECL-0019, ECL-0020), insulated socket terminals, crocodile clips and the Morse key all have exposed conductors by design, which is what makes the circuit visible to students, and it is also why none of them is ever used on mains voltage. The auto transformer (ECL-0012) shares one winding between input and output, so its output is not isolated from the supply: turning the dial down lowers the voltage between the terminals but does not make either terminal safe with respect to earth. Feed open-terminal apparatus only from a low-voltage, current-limited supply.
For the moving-coil galvanometer (ECL-0029), ask the current sensitivity, figure of merit and critical damping resistance, since the standard experiments use all three. For the ballistic galvanometer (ECL-0013), which measures charge rather than current, ask whether it is suspended-coil or pivoted, how it is levelled and clamped for transport, whether a lamp-and-scale or mirror-and-telescope arrangement is included, and its period and damping resistance; a suspended instrument needs a vibration-free bench and is damaged if moved unclamped. For the inductance box (ECL-0015), ask the range and step, the resistance of each winding and the current rating.
ECL-0001 to ECL-0003 overlap: one is unqualified, one is an alternating-current model and one is described as both alternating and direct current. The last is the useful teaching machine, because switching between slip rings and a commutator on the same machine is the whole lesson. Ask which arrangement each code has and whether the commutator and slip rings are both fitted and visible. Ask the same of the demonstration motor (ECL-0005) and electric bell (ECL-0004): is the mechanism open so the action can be followed, does it run from a low-voltage supply, and what current does it draw.
Ray Export is a manufacturer and exporter of laboratory, scientific and educational equipment based at Plot No. 449, HSIIDC Industrial Area, Saha, Ambala, Haryana 133104, India. Enquiries: [email protected], +91-9817319615.
Written by Palak Mall, Senior Content Writer. Technically reviewed by Arvind Kumar, Lab Equipment Specialist, 12+ years in laboratory and testing instrumentation. Last updated: 17 October 2026.
Specifications for each item - meter ranges, accuracy class, internal resistance, galvanometer constants, bulb ratings and supply requirements - are confirmed in writing on the quotation. For calibration certificates, standards or approvals, contact us for the latest copies of the relevant certificates. No price is quoted on this page. Listing note: no meter states its range; no cells, batteries or accumulators are listed despite the category name; ECL-0027 is named a dual-sensitivity micrometer where a microammeter is meant; ECL-0017 interscale is not a standard term; four names are in capitals with a boilerplate suffix, one is truncated and Newton's lacks its apostrophe; and dynamo codes ECL-0001 to ECL-0003 overlap.
This model uses the same basic assembly as the electric motor, mounted on a base plate which also carries a hand drive pulley 120 mm in diameter coupled to the smaller dynamo pulley by a rubber belt. Electric output is via a pair of 4 mm socket & a light emitting diode is provided as a simple output indicator. The model may also be used as a motor on a 4 to 8 volts DC supply.
A simple demonstration of a Dynamo Model mounted on a wooden base. Hand drove by a gear. Simplified open frame construction which can be readily understood without detriments to its essential similarity to a real machine. A 2 pole armature wound by enameled copper wire to rotate in U shape magnet in the pivot. While in rotation process through the gear wheel by hand, the bulb provided glows.
A simple dynamo model to differentiate AC from DC. Mounted on a wooden
base. Two bulbs are provided for AC & DC current(s). The model is
hand driven & when operated, the AC bulb shows flickering light to
indicate AC current while the other bulb glows fully indicating DC
current
Rested on a wooden base, all parts easily visible, rigid constructions to explain the connections on a vertical stand.
A model of the simplest form of DC motor; having 3 armatures - 2 poles, 3 poles, & 4 poles, wound with enameled copper wire, & a permanent magnetic field provided by a removable bar magnet. The construction is completely open & all components are readily observable. A disc-type commutator is incorporated & external connection to the phosphor - bronze bushes is by means of a pair of 4 mm sockets. The motor shall operate on 4.5 to 9 volts DC
Moving coil type. Basic sensitivity of meter is 5mA, 100mV f.s.d. The
meters can be used to demonstrate the working principle of AC or DC
ammeters or voltmeters with interchangeable dials. Different dials are
available. Housed in a Plastic/Wooden case, with plastic in front and
rear.
a) Wooden case b) Plastic case
Double C-Core is a Laminated core to form a rough rectangular core 92 x 56 x 20 mm
approx. With a cross sectional area of 20 x 12 mm & is cut across the
middle to produce 2 equal ‘C’s. A heavy spring steel strip is given to hold the two halves together
Newton Colour Disc placed On Motor and Motor is placed on a wooden base 90 x 90 x 100 mm, workable on 2 to 4 volt DC with fan blade & Newton’s colour disc..Â
12V 3V for use with smoke cell & multiple light source.
Bulbs with MES cap suitable for flash Lamp.
a) 1.2v b) 2.5v c) 3.5v d) 4.5v e) 6v f) 12V
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