Quick answer. Buy these two kits for a sampling rate you can vary and a demodulator for every pulse format. DCT-0001 (analog sampling and reconstruction) and DCT-0002 (PAM, PWM and PPM modulation and demodulation) cover only the first step of a digital communication course: turning a continuous signal into pulses. On DCT-0001 the sampling rate must go below twice the input frequency, or the board cannot show aliasing, which is the point of the experiment. On DCT-0002, confirm all three modulations are generated and all three recovered. Pulse code modulation, line coding and shift keying sit in other ranges.
Two kits are listed here: DCT-0001 Analog Sampling and Reconstruction, and DCT-0002 PAM, PWM and PPM Modulation and Demodulation. Both cover the step that takes a continuous signal into pulses, which is where a digital communication course begins. They do not cover what comes after it. If your practical sheet also includes pulse code modulation, line coding, amplitude, frequency or phase shift keying, eye diagrams or error correction, those experiments are in the sibling ranges linked below, and you will need boards from there as well as these two.
| Code | Kit | Experiments it should support |
|---|---|---|
| DCT-0001 | Analog sampling and reconstruction | Sampling at and below the Nyquist rate, aliasing, sample and hold, reconstruction by low-pass filtering, the effect of the hold aperture on the recovered signal |
| DCT-0002 | Pulse amplitude, width and position modulation and demodulation | Generation and recovery of all three pulse modulation forms and comparison of the recovered signal with the original |
The lesson of a sampling experiment is what happens when the rule is broken. A board that samples at one fixed rate can show reconstruction but cannot show aliasing, and aliasing is the point. Ask the supplier to confirm:
Instruments: a dual-channel oscilloscope is the minimum, so the sampling pulse and the sampled waveform can be seen together. Aliasing is far clearer in the frequency domain, so if a spectrum analyser or an oscilloscope with a transform function is available, use it; ask whether the kit assumes one.
The name promises pulse amplitude, pulse width and pulse position modulation with demodulation. Ask whether all three are generated on the one board and all three recovered, since some kits generate three and demodulate only one. Then ask whether the pulse repetition rate and the pulse width are adjustable, whether the modulating source is integral or external, whether the recovered signal can be displayed against the original for comparison, and whether a time-division multiplexing option is included or is a separate board. Ask also what happens at the limits, for example whether the kit allows over-modulation in pulse width modulation so the student can see the distortion, because experiments that cannot be pushed to failure teach less.
Set against a typical digital communication syllabus, the following are not in this listing, and if your course sets them you should ask for boards from the ranges linked below rather than assume these two kits suffice: pulse code modulation encoding and decoding, companding, differential pulse code modulation and delta modulation, line coding such as return-to-zero, non-return-to-zero, Manchester and alternate mark inversion, amplitude, frequency and phase shift keying and quadrature phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, minimum shift keying, eye diagram observation, bit error rate measurement, and error detection and correction coding. Several of those do exist on this site, in Communication and RF Trainers and Advance Communication Trainers.
Note also that sampling and pulse amplitude modulation appear in the Communication and RF Trainers range as well, under its own codes. If you are buying from both listings, quote the codes and ask the supplier to confirm you are not being supplied the same board twice.
The experiment manual with expected waveforms and readings; the quantity per student group, since these are bench kits and a class usually runs the same experiment at once; whether each kit has its own supply or needs a base unit; socketed devices and a spares kit; the supply voltage, frequency and plug type for your country; and the warranty. Any performance figure quoted is confirmed in writing on the quotation; ask for its basis.
The full communication sequence, from analogue modulation through pulse code modulation and digital modulation to antennas, is in Communication and RF Trainers, with further work in Advance Communication Trainers and optical transmission in Fiber Optics Communication Trainers. Processing the sampled signal is under DSP Trainers and Kits, converter and logic foundations under Digital and Analog Trainers and Kits and Basic Electronics Trainers, and instruments under Testing and Measuring Lab Trainers. Parent range: Electronics Lab Trainer Kits.
Send your digital communication practical list in full, not just the pulse modulation experiments, and ask for a quote covering the whole sheet across the relevant ranges. For example Analog Sampling and Reconstruction Kit (DCT-0001), eight benches, with the sampling frequency range and the adjustable reconstruction filter confirmed in writing. Contact Ray Export for prices, manuals and lead times.
Because the lesson of a sampling experiment is what happens when the rule is broken. A board that samples at one fixed rate can show reconstruction but cannot show aliasing, and the page is clear that aliasing is the point. Ask for the sampling frequency range and whether it is continuously adjustable, and for the range of the input signal frequency, so that the sampling rate can be taken deliberately below twice the input frequency and the aliased result observed by the student.
Three further points from the page. Whether the reconstruction filter cut-off is selectable, which lets a student see that the filter, not the sampler, sets what is recovered. Whether the sample-and-hold aperture or duty is adjustable, so the amplitude droop of the recovered signal can be related to the hold time. And whether there are test points at each stage, input, sampling pulse, sampled output and filtered output, with a block diagram printed on the panel.
Ask before ordering, because the page warns that some kits generate pulse amplitude, width and position modulation but demodulate only one. Then ask whether the pulse repetition rate and pulse width are adjustable, whether the modulating source is integral or external, whether the recovered signal can be displayed against the original, and whether time-division multiplexing is included or is a separate board. Ask too whether over-modulation in pulse width modulation is possible, because experiments that cannot be pushed to failure teach less.
Not for a typical syllabus. The page lists what they do not cover: pulse code modulation and companding, differential pulse code and delta modulation, line coding such as return-to-zero, non-return-to-zero, Manchester and alternate mark inversion, amplitude, frequency, phase and quadrature phase shift keying, quadrature amplitude modulation, minimum shift keying, eye diagrams, bit error rate measurement and error coding. Several exist in Communication and RF Trainers and Advance Communication Trainers. Send your full practical list and ask for one quote across the ranges.
A dual-channel oscilloscope is the minimum, so that the sampling pulse and the sampled waveform can be seen together. The page adds that aliasing is far clearer in the frequency domain, so if a spectrum analyser or an oscilloscope with a transform function is available, use it, and ask whether the kit's experiment manual assumes one. Instruments are listed separately under Testing and Measuring Lab Trainers if your benches need them alongside the kits.
The experiment manual with expected waveforms and readings; the quantity per student group, since a class usually runs the same experiment at once; whether each kit has its own supply or needs a base unit; socketed devices and a spares kit; the supply voltage, frequency and plug type for your country; and the warranty. Sampling and pulse amplitude modulation also appear in Communication and RF Trainers under its own codes, so if you buy from both, ask us to confirm you are not supplied the same board twice.
Ray Export is a manufacturer and exporter of laboratory, scientific and educational equipment based at Plot No. 449, HSIIDC Industrial Area, Saha, Ambala, Haryana 133104, India. Enquiries: [email protected], +91-9817319615.
Written by Palak Mall, Senior Content Writer. Technically reviewed by Arvind Kumar, Lab Equipment Specialist, 12+ years in laboratory and testing instrumentation. Last updated: 17 October 2026.
Specifications for DCT-0001 and DCT-0002, including sampling frequency range, filter cut-off, demodulators, power arrangement, manual and warranty, are confirmed in writing on the quotation. For certificates or approvals, contact us for the latest copies of the relevant certificates. No price is quoted on this page. Listing notes: the range title, Digital Communication Trainers, is broader than its two pulse-modulation kits, and sampling and pulse amplitude modulation boards also appear under different codes in Communication and RF Trainers.
Analog Sampling-Reconstruction Kit - Synchronized Sine waveform output of Frequency 1 KHz & 2 KHz. Selectable sampling frequency of 2,4,8,16,32 KHz. Sample circuit/output, sample & hold circuit/output Switch selectable sampling Duty cycle of 0-90% in steps. 2nd & 4th order Low pass filter.
PAM-PWM-PPM-Modulation-Demodulation Kit - Sine waveform output of 250Hz, 500Hz, 1 KHz, and 2 KHz Selectable sampling clock of 4, 8, 16, 32 KHz. Analog Sample Circuit/Output, Sample & Hold Circuit/Output, Flat Top Circuit/Output PAM/PWM/PPM modulation & demodulation. 4th order Low pass filter.
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